Russian alphabet
| Letter | Cursive | Italics | Name | Old name | IPA | Common transliteration | Approximate English equivalent | Examples | No. | Unicode (Hex) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Аа |  | А а | а [a] | азъ [as] | /a/ | a | father | два dva "two" | 1 | U+0410 / U+0430 |
| Бб |  | Б б | бэ [bɛ] | буки [ˈbukʲɪ] | /b/ or /bʲ/ | b | bad | оба óba "both" | – | U+0411 / U+0431 |
| Вв |  | В в | вэ [vɛ] | вѣди [ˈvʲedʲɪ] | /v/ or /vʲ/ | v | vine | вот vot "here" | 2 | U+0412 / U+0432 |
| Гг |  | Г г | гэ [ɡɛ] | глаголь [ɡɫɐˈɡolʲ] | /ɡ/ or /gʲ/ | g | go | год god "year" | 3 | U+0413 / U+0433 |
| Дд |  | Д д | дэ [dɛ] | добро [dɐˈbro] | /d/ or /dʲ/ | d | do | да da "yes" | 4 | U+0414 / U+0434 |
| Ее |  | Е е | е [je] | есть [jesʲtʲ] | /je/, / ʲe/ or /e/ | ye, je, e | yes | не ne "not" | 5 | U+0415 / U+0435 |
| Ёё |  | Ё ё | ё [jo] | – | /jo/ or / ʲo/ | yo, jo, ë | your | ёж yozh "hedgehog" | – | U+0401 / U+0451 |
| Жж |  | Ж ж | жэ [ʐɛ] (  listen) | живѣте [ʐɨˈvʲetʲɪ][c] | /ʐ/ | zh, ž | similar to pleasure | жук zhuk "beetle" | – | U+0416 / U+0436 |
| Зз |  | З з | зэ [zɛ] | земля [zʲɪˈmlʲæ] | /z/ or /zʲ/ | z | zoo | зной znoy "heat" | 7 | U+0417 / U+0437 |
| Ии |  | И и | и [i] | иже [ˈiʐɨ] | /i/, / ʲi/, or /ɨ/ | i | police | или íli "or" | 8 | U+0418 / U+0438 |
| Йй |  | Й й | и краткое 'short' [ˈi ˈkratkəjə] | и съ краткой [ɪ s ˈkratkəj] | /j/ | y, i, j | toy | мой moy "my, mine" | – | U+0419 / U+0439 |
| Кк |  | К к | ка [ka] | како [ˈkakə] | /k/ or /kʲ/ | k | kept | кто kto "who" | 20 | U+041A / U+043A |
| Лл† |  | Л л | эль (эл) [ɛlʲ] ([ɛɫ]) | люди [ˈlʲʉdʲɪ] | /ɫ/ or /lʲ/ | l | feel or lamp | ли li "whether" | 30 | U+041B / U+043B |
| Мм |  | М м | эм [ɛm] | мыслѣте [mɨˈsʲlʲetʲɪ][4] | /m/ or /mʲ/ | m | map | меч mech "sword" | 40 | U+041C / U+043C |
| Нн |  | Н н | эн [ɛn] | нашъ [naʂ] | /n/ or /nʲ/ | n | not | но no "but" | 50 | U+041D / U+043D |
| Оо |  | О о | о [о] | онъ [on] | /o/ | o | more | он on "he" | 70 | U+041E / U+043E |
| Пп |  | П п | пэ [pɛ] | покой [pɐˈkoj] | /p/ or /pʲ/ | p | pet | под pod "under" | 80 | U+041F / U+043F |
| Рр |  | Р р | эр [ɛr] | рцы [rtsɨ] | /r/ or /rʲ/ | r | rolled r | река reká "river" | 100 | U+0420 / U+0440 |
| Сс |  | С с | эс [ɛs] | слово [ˈsɫovə] | /s/ or /sʲ/ | s | set | если yésli "if" | 200 | U+0421 / U+0441 |
| Тт |  | Т т | тэ [tɛ] | твердо [ˈtvʲerdə] | /t/ or /tʲ/ | t | top | тот tot "that" | 300 | U+0422 / U+0442 |
| Уу |  | У у | у [u] | укъ [uk] | /u/ | u | tool | уже uzhé "already" | 400 | U+0423 / U+0443 |
| Фф |  | Ф ф | эф [ɛf] | фертъ [fʲert] | /f/ or /fʲ/ | f | face | форма fórma "form" | 500 | U+0424 / U+0444 |
| Хх |  | Х х | ха [xa] | хѣръ [xʲer] | /x/ or /xʲ/ | kh, h | like Scottish "loch", ugh | дух dukh "spirit" | 600 | U+0425 / U+0445 |
| Цц |  | Ц ц | цэ [tsɛ] | цы [tsɨ] | /ts/ | ts, c | sits | конец konéts "end" | 900 | U+0426 / U+0446 |
| Чч |  | Ч ч | че [tɕe] | червь [tɕerfʲ] | /tɕ/ | ch, č | check | час chas "hour" | 90 | U+0427 / U+0447 |
| Шш |  | Ш ш | ша [ʂa] | ша [ʂa] | /ʂ/ | sh, š | similar to "sh" in shrimp | ваш vash "yours" | – | U+0428 / U+0448 |
| Щщ |  | Щ щ | ща [ɕːa] | ща [ɕtɕa] | /ɕː/, /ɕ/ | shch, sch, šč | similar to a double "sh" as in push ships | щека shcheká "cheek" | – | U+0429 / U+0449 |
| Ъъ |  | Ъ ъ | твёрдый знак 'hard sign' [ˈtvʲɵrdɨj znak] ( listen) | еръ [jer] | ʺ | silent, prevents palatalization of the preceding consonant | объект obyékt "object" | – | U+042A / U+044A | |
| Ыы |  | Ы ы | ы [ɨ] | еры [jɪˈrɨ] | [ɨ] | y | General American her (rough equivalent) | ты ty "you" | – | U+042B / U+044B |
| Ьь |  | Ь ь | мягкий знак 'soft sign' [ˈmʲæxʲkʲɪj znak] ( listen) | ерь [jerʲ] | / ʲ/ | ' | silent, palatalizes the preceding consonant (if phonologically possible) | весь vyes' "all" | – | U+042C / U+044C |
| Ээ |  | Э э | э [ɛ] | э оборотное 'negotiable' [ˈɛ ɐbɐˈrotnəjɪ] | /e/ | e, è | met | это èto "this, that" | – | U+042D / U+044D |
| Юю |  | Ю ю | ю [ju] | ю [ju] | /ju/ or / ʲu/ | yu, ju | use | юг yug "south" | – | U+042E / U+044E |
| Яя |  | Я я | я [ja] | я [ja] | /ja/ or / ʲa/ | ya, ja | yard | ряд ryad "row" | – | U+042F / U+044F |
| Letters eliminated in 1917–18 | ||||||||||
| Letter | Cursive | Italics | Name | Old name | IPA | Common transliteration | Similar Russian letter | Examples | No. | Unicode (Hex) |
| Іі |  | І і | – | і десятеричное [i dʲɪsʲɪtʲɪˈrʲitɕnəjə] | /i/, / ʲi/, or /j/ | i | Like и or й | стихотворенія (now стихотворения) stikhotvoréniya "poems, (of) poem" | 10 | U+0406 / U+0456 |
| Ѣѣ |  | Ѣ ѣ | – | ять [jætʲ] | /e/ or / ʲe/ | ě | Like е | Алексѣй (now Алексей) Aleksěy Alexey | – | U+0462 / U+0463 |
| Ѳѳ |  | Ѳ ѳ | – | ѳита [fʲɪˈta] | /f/ or /fʲ/ or unvoiced th | f | Like ф | орѳографія (now орфография) orfográfiya "orthography, spelling" | 9 | U+0472 / U+0473 |
| Ѵѵ |  | Ѵ ѵ | – | ижица [ˈiʐɨtsə] | /i/ or / ʲi/ | í | Usually like и, see below | мѵро (now миро) míro "chrism (myrrh)" | 400 | U+0474 / U+0475 |
| Letters eliminated before 1750 | ||||||||||
| Letter | Cursive | Italics | Name | Old name | IPA | Common transliteration | Similar Russian letter | Examples | No. | Unicode (Hex) |
| Ѕѕ | – | Ѕ ѕ | – | зѣло [zʲɪˈɫo][5] | /z/ or /zʲ/ | z | Like з | sѣлѡ (obsolete word) "very" | 6 | U+0405 / U+0455 |
| Ѯѯ | – | Ѯ ѯ | – | кси [ksʲi] | /ks/ or /ksʲ/ | ks | Like кс | N/A | 60 | U+046e / U+046f |
| Ѱѱ | – | Ѱ ѱ | – | пси [psʲi] | /ps/ or /psʲ/ | ps | Like пс | N/A | 700 | U+0470 / U+0471 |
| Ѡѡ | – | Ѡ ѡ | – | омега [ɐˈmʲeɡə] | /o/ | o | Like о | N/A | 800 | U+0460 / U+0461 |
| Ѫѫ | – | Ѫ ѫ | – | юсъ большой [jus bɐlʲˈʂoj] | /u/, /ju/ or / ʲu/ | ǫ | Like у | N/A | – | U+046a / U+046b |
| Ѧѧ | – | Ѧ ѧ | – | юсъ малый [jus ˈmaɫɨj] | /ja/ or / ʲa/ | ę | Like я | N/A | 900 | U+0466 / U+0467 |
| Ѭѭ | – | Ѭ ѭ | – | юсъ большой іотированный [jus bɐlʲˈʂoj jɪˈtʲirəvənnɨj] | /ju/ or / ʲu/ | yǫ | Like ю | N/A | – | U+046c / U+046d |
| Ѩѩ | – | Ѩ ѩ | – | юсъ малый іотированный [jus ˈmaɫɨj jɪˈtʲirəvən.nɨj] | /ja/ or / ʲa/ | yę | Like я | N/A | – | U+0468 / U+0469 |
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